Nowadays, governments face complex and multidimensional economic challenges; the Iranian government and people are also experiencing many difficulties following these challenges and severe economic warfare. The right to employment and business as a human right plays a very effective role in economic stability and security, and has different legal, executive and judicial-regulatory dimensions, and its three components (free choice of employment just and favorable conditions of work and protection against unemployment) have been discussed in international instruments. As a result, accurate recognition of the place of the components of this right and recognition and then pathology of its legal structure in the laws of Islamic Republic of Iran is necessary. Some components of this right are identified In the Constitution, the general policies and ordinary laws of. In this study, the structure and status of the three components of this right and the approach of basic norms and normal laws towards it and also the main question "What are the defects in the legal structure of the right to employment in the laws of Iran? " were answered by documentary studies and descriptive-analytical method. These defects are classified in two categories of "general" and "substantive": the most important examples are inflation of laws and lack of comprehensive legislative plans and consequently increasing the negative burden of laws, imbalance in the supply of triple components, conceptual ambiguity and the expression of terms, the number of bodies, lack of procedures and specialized judicial procedures, lack of specific and specialized enforcement guarantees and the expansion of state jurisdiction and the lack of special and unspecified enforcement.