مقایسه ظرفیت بالقوه و بالفعل اشتغال‌زایی در صنایع کارخانه‌ای ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

در این مطالعه با استفاده از اطلاعات مربوط به ارزش افزوده میزان اشتغال و سطح سرمایه‌گذاری در 23 شاخه از صنایع مختلف کارخانه‌ای ایران براساس کدهای بین‌المللی ISIC میزان اشتغال‌زایی موجود با توان و ظرفیت اشتغال‌زایی صنایع مختلف در دوره زمانی 1388-1374 مقایسه شده است. نتایج نشان‌ می‌دهند اشتغال موجود نسبت به ظرفیت اشتغال‌زایی صنعتی کشور بسیار ناچیز است. به‌عبارت‌دیگر روند رشد و تغییرات ساختاری در تولید نه تنها همراه با اشتغال‌زایی نبوده، بلکه موجب اشتغال‌زدایی صنعتی در کشور شده است. اگرچه برخی صنایع پویا مانند صنایع ماشین‌آلات و وسائط حمل‌ونقل و صنایع شیمیایی و پتروشیمی تا حدودی این نقصان را جبران کرده‌اند، اما بااین‌حال میزان و حدود اشتغال‌زایی آنها محدود بوده و در نتیجه طی دوره ذکر شده اشتغال‌زدایی صنعتی انجام شده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing Potential and Actual Employment Generation Capacity of Iran’s Manufacturing Industries

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammadgholi Yousefi
چکیده [English]

This paper tries to compare the existing employment rate with
employment generation potential capacity in different manufacturing
industries during 1995-2009, using the information related to the
added value, employment rate and investment level in 23 industrial
fields out of the variety of Iran’s Manufacturing Industries based on
ISIC international code.
The outcome of this study indicates that the existing employment
rate is very low in ratio of the potential employment generation in
Iran’s industrial activities. In other words, growth trend and structural
changes in production not only fail to match with employment
generation, but also has led to deterioration of job creation in the field
of industry.
Though certain dynamic industries such as machinery,
transportation vehicles, chemical and petrochemical industries have to
some extent made up for such employment deficiency, nevertheless
employment generation in the mentioned areas was limited. As a
result an overall unemployment of labor force in the manufacturing
industries has taken place.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potential and Actual Employment Generation
  • Structural Changes
  • Manufacturing Industries
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