بررسی تطبیقی نظام‌های حقوقی مقابله با اخبار جعلی در زمان انتخابات با نگاهی به ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بجنورد؛

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق پردیس فارابی، دانشگاه تهران؛

چکیده

رویکرد قانونی کشورها در خصوص مقابله با اخبار جعلی در زمان انتخابات متنوع است. در مواجهه حقوقی با این پدیده برخی کشورها به‌دلیل نبود قانونی که آشکارا به ممنوعیت اخبار جعلی منتشر ‌شده در رسانه‌های اجتماعی در زمان انتخابات بپردازد از مقررات عمومی چون مقررات جزایی و مدنی استفاده می‌کنند. در بعضی کشورها در قوانین انتخاباتی به ممنوعیت پخش این اخبار اشاره می‌شود. اما برخی دیگر از کشورها با تمرکز بر فعالیت رسانه‌های اجتماعی یا شبکه‌های اینترنتی به مقرراتگذاری این رسانه‌ها در مسئله اخبار جعلی پرداخته‌اند. در ایران ممنوعیت تخریب نامزدهای انتخاباتی در سیاست‌های کلی نظام در امر انتخابات آمده است. همچنین مقابله با اخبار جعلی در قوانین جزایی ذیل عنوان افترا و نشر اکاذیب و در قانون انتخابات مجلس و قانون انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری نیز با توسل به عناوینی چون اظهار مطالب خلاف واقع در تبلیغات انتخاباتی یا اخلال در امر انتخابات قابل ‌بررسی است. اما با توجه به اهمیت و تأثیر این اخبار در سرنوشت انتخاباتی لازم است که مخصوصاً در فضای مجازی - که در حال گسترش نقش خود در انتخابات است - تمهیدات تقنینی گسترده‌تری با اصلاح قوانین انتخاباتی یا با وضع قانونی ویژه در خصوص مقابله با اخبار جعلی در تمام فرایندهای انتخابات اندیشیده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of Countering Fake News during Election Periods and the Role the Iranian Legal System Plays

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Ameri 1
  • SayedAhmad Habibnezhad 2
1 Assistant Professor of Law, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord
2 Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

The legal approach countries employ to counter fake news at election times varies. In order to tackle this phenomenon, some countries have a general criminal and civil code. This is mainly due the absence of a law explicitly prohibiting fake news published on social media at election times. In some countries, election laws refer to a ban on broadcasting fake news, but other countries focus on fake news, and relay them on social media or websites. According to the Iranian General Election Policy, the destruction of candidates is illegal. Furthermore, under the label of defamation and spreading disinformation, criminal law has been used to tackle fake news in both parliamentary and presidential elections. Therefore using false headlines or statements in election campaigns or causing election disruption can be investigated. However, given the importance and impact of news on the fate of elections, it is necessary, especially in the case of online news sites or social media, which now play an increasingly greater role in elections, to broaden legal provisions in order to amend electoral laws or to enact special laws to counter fake news during the entire election process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fake News
  • Candidate
  • Defamation
  • Media
  • Election
  • Election Advertisements
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