The right to informational self-determination enables individuals to exercise full control over their personal data, allowing them to participate in decisions regarding data collection and data processing. Although this right recognized in international human rights documents, it faces significant challenges in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). This study adopts a explanatory approach to examine the impacts of AI on the right to informational self-determination and addresses the question: What are the challenges to right to informational self-determination in the AI era? The findings reveal that AI systems affect the right to informational self-determination by violating privacy, enabling automated decision-making, lacking algorithmic transparency, exhibiting biases in data processing, and breaching data security. In the Iranian legala system, there is no comprehensive structure to safeguard personal data. Legal gaps and weak regulatory oversight create opportunities for data misuse and pose serious threats to informational self-determination. To address these challenges, the study emphasizes the need for comprehensive and transparent legislation, ensuring algorithmic transparency in AI systems, strengthening data security, and fostering public awareness. Additionally, synchronizing the development of artificial intelligence with human rights principles and establishing independent oversight of these technologies should be prioritized. Finaly, further research is recommended to identify emerging challenges and develop effective legal and ethical frameworks in this field.