The petrochemical industry is one of the most profitable industries that can convert raw materials into more than 100,000 products. The difference between Iran and the world in the level of knowledge, equipment, processes, products and markets has caused an increase in costs and a decrease in quality, diversity, profitability, innovation, competitiveness and development opportunities. It is predicted that the profitability of the petrochemical market will reach 1000 billion dollars by 2030, but Iran's share is less than 2%. In response to the question of the main challenges of the petrochemical industry in Iran, with interview and questionnaire methods, and ranking them based on importance using the Likert scale and the SWARA method, the article identifies the challenges and puts forward the hypothesis that the economic-commercial challenges have the greatest effect on its performance and it is concluded that identifying challenges and adopting appropriate strategies in wealth creation, job creation and reducing crude sales have a positive effect