One of the most important human factors affecting the drying up of most of Lake Urmia is the improper management of water resources and cultivation in the catchment area of this lake and the insufficient protection of the environment in this area. Therefore, in order to discuss compensation for the damages and also to prevent the repetition of such an event in the case of other wetlands in the country, it is important to identify the civil responsibility of the drying up of this lake. This article examines the issue of how involvement of the government can be identified in the drying up of this lake with a descriptive method and legal analysis, and it comes to the conclusion that the three pillars of liability regarding the involvement of the government in preventing the drying up of the lake, i.e. having legal responsibility, the existence of a causal relationship between the actions and omissions of the government and the disproportionate actions of the government to prevent the drying up of this lake, can be identified. Because human factors have contributed more than natural factors in the drying up of this lake, these human factors are legally under the supervision of the government, and the government should improve its management strategies and effective supervision in the management of water affairs, agriculture and environmental protection in the watershed area of Lake Urmia.