Majlis and Rahbord

Majlis and Rahbord

The Identification and Prioritizing of Water Contaminants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
abolfazl rohani 1
abbas keramati 2
jafar razmi 2
1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Payam Nour University (PNU), Iran. P. Box: 19395-3697 School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Iran.
2 School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Nowadays, Water contamination is one of the major problems and challenges in the world that can be considered as one of the main factors of diseases and mortalities in the world. Both surface and ground waters are exposed to the different contaminants. With regard to the nature and source of their entrance (man-made or naturally occurring), various classifications have been considered for contaminants. The main organic contaminants of water are agricultural, chemical, oil, and food contaminants. Each of these four groups has sub-criteria. In this research, water contaminants in oil and petrochemical industries have been identified and ranked through using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) as well as Analytical Network Process (ANP) methods. Results of Principle Component Analysis method reveal the fact that lead, nitrate and sodium contaminations have been ranked at the highest level from the environment experts’ point of views regarding water contamination. Furthermore, results of ANP show that agricultural and oil contaminants with the weights of 0.321 and 0.152 ranked first and fourth respectively. Finally, I hope that the relevant organizations can take effective steps to prevent environmental degradation which is created by oil and chemical industries contaminants.
Keywords
Water Contaminants
Analytical Network Process (ANP)
Principal Components Analysis (PCA)
Oil and Petrochemical Industries
Environmental Risks Emphasis

Subjects

  1. 1.اصغرپور، محمدجواد (1388). تصمیم‌گیری‌های چندمعیاره، چاپ دهم، تهران، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.

    2.رزمی، جعفر و میثم نصرالهی (1392). زنجیره تأمین سبز (طراحی، برنامه‌ریزی، استقرار و ارزیابی)، چاپ اول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین.

    1. Azadfallah, M. and M. Azizi (2016). "A New Approach in Group Decision-Making Based on Pairwise Comparisons", Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 8(2).
    2. Bertanza, G., P. Baroni and M. Canato (2016). "Ranking Sewage Sludge Management Strategies by Means of Decision Support Systems: A Case Study", Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 110.
    3. Bouwknegt, M., K. Verhaelen, A. Rzeżutka, I. Kozyra, L. Maunula, C. H. Von Bonsdorff and I. Pavlik (2015). Quantitative Farm-to-fork Risk Assessment Model for Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in European Leafy Green Vegetable and Berry Fruit Supply Chains, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 198.
    4. Caravanos, J., S. Gualtero, R. Dowling, B. Ericson, J. Keith, D. Hanrahan and R. Fuller (2014). "A Simplified Risk-ranking System for Prioritizing Toxic Pollution Sites in Low-and Middle-income Countries", Annals of Global Health, 80(4).

    7.Clementine, S. P. S. S. 12.0 Algorithms Guide (2007). SPSS Inc. Integral Solution Limited.

    1. Cozzi, M., M. Viccaro, F. Di Napoli, C. Fagarazzi, A. Tirinnanzi and S. Romano (2015). "A Spatial Analysis Model to Assess the Feasibility of Short Rotation Forestry Fertigated with Urban Wastewater: Basilicata Region Case Study", Agricultural Water Management, 159.
    2. Donnachie, R. L., A. C. Johnson, C. Moeckel, M. G. Pereira and J. P. Sumpter (2014). "Using Risk-ranking of Metals to Identify which Poses the Greatest Threat to Freshwater Organisms in the UK", Environmental Pollution, 194.
    3. Faiku, F. and A. Haziri (2016). "Assessment of the water quality of Lumbardhi river, Prizren (Kosovo)", Blugarian Chemical Communications, 48, 4.
    4. Giubilato, E., A. Zabeo, A. Critto, S. Giove, J. Bierkens, E. Den Hond and A. Marcomini (2014). "A Risk-based Methodology for Ranking Environmental Chemical Stressors at the Regional Scale", Environment international, 65.
    5. Kudłak, B., S. Tsakovski, V. Simeonov, A. Sagajdakow, L. Wolska and J. Namieśnik (2014). "Ranking of Ecotoxisity Tests for Underground Water Assessment Using the Hasse Diagram Technique", Chemosphere, 95.
    6. Lam, C. W., S. R. Lim and J. M. Schoenung (2011). "Environmental and Risk Screening for Prioritizing Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the US Printed Wiring Board Manufacturing Industry", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 189(1).
    7. Larose, D. T. (2006). Data Mining Methods and Models, John Wiley and Sons.
    8. Liu, G., E. D. Larson, R. H.Williams, T. G. Kreutz and X. Guo (2010). "Making Fischer - Tropsch Fuels and Electricity from Coal and Biomass: Performance and Cost Analysis", Energy and Fuels, 25(1).
    9. Mantyka-Pringle, C. S., T. G. Martin, D. B. Moffatt, J. Udy, J. Olley, N. Saxton and J. R. Rhodes (2016). "Prioritizing Management Actions for the Conservation of Freshwater Biodiversity under Changing Climate and Land-Cover", Biological Conservation, 197.
    10. Marshall, A. L., and P. J. Alaimo (2010). "Useful Products from Complex Starting Materials: Common Chemicals from Biomass Feedstocks", Chemistry-A European Journal, 16(17).
    11. Mulbry, W., P. Kangas and S. Kondrad (2010). "Toward Scrubbing the Bay: Nutrient Removal Using Small Algal Turf Scrubbers on Chesapeake Bay Tributaries", Ecological Engineering, 36(4).
    12. Pantazidou, M., S. Kapniaris, A. Katsiri and A. Christidis (2007). "Pollutant Trends and Hazard Ranking in Elefsis Bay, Greece", Desalination, Vol. 210, 1.
    13. Papa, M., C. Alfonsín, M. T. Moreira and G. Bertanza (2016). "Ranking Wastewater Treatment Trains Based on Their Impacts and Benefits on Human Health: a “Biological Assay and Disease” Approach", Journal of Cleaner Production, 113.
    14. Pishvaee, M. S. and J. Razmi (2012). "Environmental Supply Chain Network Design Using Multi-objective Fuzzy Mathematical Programming", Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36(8).
    15. Qu, J., X. Meng and H. You (2016). "Multi-stage Ranking of Emergency Technology Alternatives for Water Source Pollution Accidents Using a Fuzzy Group Decision Making Tool", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 310.
    16. Ramudhin, A., A. Chaabane and M. Paquet (2010). "Carbon Market Sensitive Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design", International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 5(1).
    17. Razmi, J., M. S. Sangari and R. Ghodsi (2009). "Developing a Practical Framework for ERP Readiness Assessment Using Fuzzy Analytic Network Process", Advances in Engineering Software, 40(11).
    18. Rohani, A., A. Keramati and J. Razmi (2016). "Presenting an Innovative Approach Combining FA and ANP Methods to Identify and Prioritize Water Pollutants in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries", Archives of Business Research, 4(6).
    19. Saaty, T. L. (1996). Analytical Network Process, RWS Publications, USA.
    20. Tsyntsarski, B. G., B. N. Petrova, T. K. Budinova, N. V. Petrov and D. K. Teodosiev (2015). "Removal of Phenol from Contaminated Water by Activated Carbon, Produced from Waste Coal Material", Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 46, 2.
    21. Vázquez-Rowe, I., R. Kahhat, I. Quispe and M. Bentín (2016). "Environmental Profile of Green Asparagus Production in a Hyper-arid Zone in Coastal Peru", Journal of Cleaner Production, 112.
    22. Wu, G. C., J. H. Ding and P. S. Chen (2012). "The Effects of GSCM Drivers and Institutional Pressures on GSCM Practices in Taiwan’s Textile and Apparel Industry", International Journal of Production Economics, 135(2).
    23. Yongming, H., D. Peixuan, C. Junji and E. S. Posmentier (2006). "Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Dusts of Xi'an, Central China", Science of the Total Environment, 355(1).
    24. Zailani, S., K. Govindan, M. Iranmanesh, M. R. Shaharudin and Y. S. Chong (2015). "Green Innovation Adoption in Automotive Supply Chain: the Malaysian Case", Journal of Cleaner Production, 108.
    25. Zhang, W., Y. Ma, C. Wang, S. Li, M. Zhang and F. Chu (2013). "Preparation and Properties of Lignin–phenol–formaldehyde Resins Based on Different Biorefinery Residues of Agricultural Biomass", Industrial Crops and Products, 43.