Examination of the Effects of Income Mobility on Consuming Welfare of Urban Male Heads of Household in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Inequality in the allocation of opportunities has always been one of the main sources of economic concern on national and global scale. At national level, income mobility is a criterion that measures the degree of equality and inequality of opportunities in a society. In this paper, a type of pattern data building pseudo-panel is designed in order to examine the effects of income mobility on consuming welfare of urban male heads of household in Iran. The pattern is designed by combining cross-sectional data of household budget of generations of families that are in the years 1988 to 2011 on track. The results indicate that the middle age generation has higher income mobility and lower opportunity inequality compared to young generation. The more the opportunity inequality is, the larger the consuming gap will become between individuals. Therefore, by reduction of inequality of opportunities, the increase of consuming welfare can be seen.

Keywords

Main Subjects


سمائی، کیان (1390). «بررسی بین نسلی پس‌انداز»، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف.
فطرس، محمدحسن و رضا معبودی (1388). «اثر نابرابری درآمدی بر نابرابری مخارج مصرفی در ایران»، اولین همایش ملی اقتصاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خمینی شهر.
ـــــــــــــ (1389). «رابطه بین نابرابری درآمدی و نابرابری مخارج مصرفی»، فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی، سال یازدهم، ش 40.
مرکز آمار ایران (1390-1369). «اطلاعات مربوط به هزینه و درآمدهای خانوارهای شهری»، تهران، انتشارات مرکز آمار ایران.
ملک، حسن (1388). جامعه‌شناسی قشرها و نابرابری‌های اجتماعی، تهران، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور، چاپ سوم.
Arlegi R. and J. Nieto (1999). "Equality of Opportunity: Cardinality-based Criteria", In: de H. Swart (ed) Logic, Game Theory and Social Choice, Tilburg University Press, Tilburg.
Arneson, R. (1989). "Equity and Equality of Opportunity for Welfare", Philosophical Study, 56.
Atkinson, A. B., Bourguignon, F. and C. Morrisson (1992). Empirical Studies of Earnings Mobility ,(Chur, Switzerland, Harwood).
Bossert W., M. Fleurbaey and D. Van de gaer (1999). "Responsibility, Talent, and Compensation: A Second-Best Analysis", Review of Economic Design, 4.
Cohen, G. A. (1989). "On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice", Ethics, 99.
 Deaton, A. (1985). "Panel Data from Time Series of Cross-sections", Journal of Econometrics, 30.
Dworkin, R. (1981). "What is Equality? Part 1: Equality of Welfare", Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 10, No. 3.
Fields, G. S. (2008). "Income Mobility", ILR School, Cornell University Working Paper.
Fields, G. S. and E. A. Ok (1996). "The Meaning and Measurement of Income Mobility", Journal of Economic Theory, 71.
Gardes, F. and C. Canelas (2010). Poverty, Inequality, and Income Mobility: The Case of Ecuador", A Pseudo-Panel Approach. Universite Paris 1 Pantheon  Sorbonne ـ Universitat Bielefeld.
Jenkins, S. P. (2011). Changing Fortunes: Income Mobility and Poverty Dynamics in Britain, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
 Kranich, L. (1996). "Equitable Opportunities: An Axiomatic Approach", Journal of Economic Theory, 71.
 Maasoumi, E. (1998). "On Mobility", In Handbook of Applied Economic Statistics, ed. D.
 McKenzie, D. (2004). "Asymptotic Theory for Heterogeneous Dynamic Pseudo-panels", Journal of Econometrics, 120 (2).
 Roemer, J. (1998). Equality of Opportunity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 Solon, G. (1999). "Intergenerational Mobility In The Labor Market", In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3, ed. O. Ashenfelter and D. Card. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
 Ordeñana, X. and R. Villa (2012). "Mobility and Entrepreneurship in Ecuador: A Pseudo ـ panel Approach", IDB Working Paper Series, No. IDB-WP-319.