Long-term Policy-making Process on Development

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Identifying the prevailing social order is the basic core of the long-term policy-making process on development in developing countries so that long-term policies could be designed based on the gradual changing of the social order. Evaluating the success rate of the policies is based on considerations of political economy. While latent social conflicts in policies are considered, losers and winners of policy-makings are identified and compensatory mechanisms for losers are designed in overall context of gradual improvement of social order. Then, methods of organizing policies are considered on the basis of proximate causes (i.e., physical and human investing and technology) and fundamental causes (i.e., institutions, culture and geography) of development. Designing a consistent policy package based on the approach leads to a double balance of economic and political systems and to balanced development and avoids involving in the low-level equilibrium trap and its consequences (including riot, coup and revolution). The article shows that Iranian experiences on development are consistent with this approach.

References

  1. 1. آبراهامیان، یرواند (1389). ایران بین دو انقلاب، ترجمه احمد گل‌محمدی و محمد‌ابراهیم فتاحی، چاپ چهاردهم، تهران، نشر نی.

    2. اداره‌ ک‍ل‌ آرشی‍و، اس‍ن‍اد و م‍وزه‌ دف‍ت‍ر رئی‍س‌ج‍م‍ه‍ور (1379). دول‍ت‌های‌ ای‍ران‌ از می‍رزا ن‍ص‍را... ‌خ‍ان‌ م‍شی‍رالدول‍ه‌ ت‍ا می‍رح‍سی‍ن‌ م‍وس‍وی‌.

    3. بانک جهانی (1378). نقش دولت در جهان در حال تحول، گروه مترجمین، مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش‌های بازرگانی.

    4. دانایی‌فرد، حسن، سیدمهدی الوانی و عادل آذر (1388). روش‌شناسی پژوهش کیفی در مدیریت: رویکردی جامع، چاپ سوم، انتشارات صفار.

    5. کارشناس، مسعود (1382). نفت، دولت و صنعتی شدن در ایران، ترجمه علی‌اصغر سعیدی و یوسف حاجی‌عبدالوهاب، تهران، گام نو.

    6. گودرزی، منوچهر، خداداد فرمانفرماییان و عبدالمجید مجیدی (1381). توسعه در ایران 1357-1320، تهران، گام نو.

    7. هادی‌زنوز، بهروز (1389). بررسی نظام برنامه‌ریزی اقتصادی در ایران (دوره قبل از انقلاب اسلامی)، تهران، مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی.

    8. همایون کاتوزیان، محمدعلی (1387). اقتصاد سیاسی ایران از مشروطیت تا پایان پهلوی، چاپ چهاردهم، تهران، نشر مرکز.

    9. Acemoglu, Daron (2003a). "A Historical Approach to Assessing the Role of Institutions in Economic Development", Finance and Development, June.

    1. _____ (2003b). "Why Not a Political Coase Theorem?", Journal of Comparative Economics, December.
    2. _____ (2005a). "Modeling Inefficient Institutions", Advances in Economic Theory Proceedings of World Congress 2005, Edited by Richard Blundell, Whitney Newey and Torsten Persson, Cambridge University Press.
    3. _____ (2005b). "Politics and Economics in Weak and Strong States", Journal of Monetary Economics, 52.
    4. _____ (2007). "Oligarchic versus Democratic Societies", Forthcoming Journalof the European Economic Association.
    5. _____ (2009). Introduction to modern economic growth, Princeton University Press.
      1. Acemoglu, Daron and James A. Robinson (2000a). "Why Did the West Extend the Franchise? Democracy, Inequality and Growth in Historical Perspective", Quarterly Journal ofEconomics, 15 (3).
      2. _____ (2000b). "Political Losers as a Barrier to Economic Development", American Economic Review, 90 (3).
      3. _____ (2006a). Economic Origins of Dictatorship andDemocracy, New York, Cambridge University Press.
      4. _____ (2006b). "Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective", American Political Science Review, 100 (1).
      5. _____ (2007). "Persistence of Power, Elites and Institutions", NBER Working Paper, No. 12108
      6. Acemoglu, Daron and Simon Johnson (2005). "Unbundling Institutions", Journal of PoliticalEconomy, 113.
      7. Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James Robinson (2002). "Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the ModernWorld Income Distribution", QuarterlyJournal of Economics, 117.
      8. _____ (2005). "Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth", In Philippe Aghion and Steven Durlauf (editors) Handbook of Economic Growth, North Holland, Amsterdam.
      9. Adelman, Irma (1999). "Fallacies in Development Theory and Their Implications for Policy", University of California at Berlely, Working Paper, No. 877.
      10. Aghion, Philippe and Peter W. Howitt (2008). The Economics of Growth, MIT Press.
      11. Barro, R. and X. Sala-i-Martine (2004). Economic Growth, 2nd Edition, New York, Mc Grow- Brian Hill.
      12. Ciccone, Antonio and Marek Jarocinski (2008). "Determinants of economic Growth: Will Data Tell?", Working Paper 852, European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
      13. Dixit, A. K. and J. E. Stiglitz. (1977). "Monopolistic competition and Optimum Product Diversity", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117.
      14. Doppelhofer, Gernot, Ronald Miller and X. Sala-i-Martin (2004). "determinants of Long-Term Growth: A Baysian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach", American Economic Review 94 (4).
      15. Greif, Avner (2006). Institutions and the path to the modern economy, New York: Cambridge University Press.
    6. Kuznets, Simon (1966). Modern Economic Growth, New Haven, Conn, Yale University Press.
    7. La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de-Silanes, A. Shliefer and R. W. Vishny (1999). "The Quality of Government", Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 15.
    8. Landes, D. S. (1998), The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some are SoRich and Some So Poor, New York, W.W. Norton.
    9. Lucas, R. E. Jr (1988). "On the Mechanics of Economic Development", Journal of Monetary Economics.
    10. Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D. and D. N. Weil (1992). "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth", Quarterly Journal of Economics, May.
    11. North, Douglass C., J. J. Wallis and B. R. Weingast (2009). Violence and Social Orders, Cambridge University Press.
    12. North, Douglass C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional change and Economic Performance. New York, Cambridge University press.
    13. North, Douglass C. and Robert Thomas (1973). The Rise of the western world: A New Economic History, Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
    14. Parente, S. L. and E. C. Prescott (1999). "Monopoly Rights: A Barrier to Riches", American Economic Review.
    15. _____ (2000). Barriers to Riches, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    16. Persson, T. and G. Tabellini (2000). Political Economics- Explaining Economic Policy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    17. Putnam, Robert (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, With eonardi, Robert and Raffaella Y. Nanetti, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    18. Rappaport, J. and J. D. Sachs (2003). "The United States as a Coastal Region", Journal of Economic Growth.
    19. Rodrik, D. (2005). Growth Strategies in P. Aghion and S. Durlauf (eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth, Amsterdam, Elsevier.
    20. Romer, David (2006). Advanced Macroeconomics, 3rd edition, New York, Mc Grow- Hill.
    21. Romer, P. (1986). "Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth", Journal of political economy, 94.
    22. _____ (1990). "EndogenousTechnological Change", Journal of political Economy, 98.
    23. Sachs, J. D. (2001). "Tropical Underdevelopment", NBER Working Paper No. 8933.
    24. Snowdan Brian and Howard R. Van (2006). Modern Macroeconomics, Massachusetts, Edwar Elgar.

    World Bank (2002). Building Institutions for Markets, Oxford, Oxford University.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics